Secretary for Culture, Sports and Tourism Kevin Yeung said in a press briefing that the animals in the Hong Kong Zoological and Botanical Gardens contracted melioidosis and the disease later caused them to develop sepsis.
Yeung stressed that such infections typically occur through contact with contaminated soil and water and that there is generally no danger to humans from contact with infected animals or people.
"We're saddened by the passing of the nine monkeys," he said.
Eight monkeys were found dead on Sunday and another died on Monday after displaying unusual behaviour.
The deceased animals were a De Brazza's monkey, a common squirrel monkey, four white-faced sakis and three cotton-top tamarins - a species listed as critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
According to Hong Kong's Centre for Health Protection, melioidosis is caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, which is widespread in soils and muddy water.
Yeung said the park conducted digging work to repair some irrigation pipes under the flower bed near the monkey cages in early October and that the deaths might be related to that.
He said the monkeys might have come into contact with the bacteria after the park's staff walked into their cages with possibly contaminated shoes.
Another possibility is that some infected monkeys had close contact with other monkeys, he said.
"The incubation period for melioidosis in primates is about a week and this matched with the period after the soil digging work," he said.
Edwin Tsui, the controller of the centre, said the incident only happened in a single zone and its effect on Hong Kong residents would be very low.
Yeung on Monday held an urgent interdepartmental meeting about the deaths with the Leisure and Cultural Services Department, the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department and the Department of Health.
Another De Brazza's monkey also displayed unusual behaviour and appetite but officials said its condition remained stable on Friday.
The Hong Kong Zoological and Botanical Gardens - the oldest park in the former British colony - fully opened to the public in 1871.
It is a rare urban oasis in the downtown Central district of the financial hub, which returned to Chinese rule in 1997.
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